What happens when I sell a stock or bond that has increased in value?
Have you been eyeing a new vehicle, rental property, or any mid-to-large expense but haven’t pulled the trigger because you aren’t quite sure what the tax consequences will be? If your plan is to purchase an item with cash or check then you don’t have to worry about tax consequences; but if your plan is to purchase an item using money out of your brokerage account, then you might want to read this article.
What is a Capital Gain?
According to Investopedia, a capital gain refers to the increase in the value of a capital asset when it is sold. Put in layman’s terms, a capital gain is when you sell something for more than what you purchased it for. So, if you bought a used car for $5,000 in 2019 and then sold it for $8,000 in 2021, you would technically have a $3,000 capital gain. This is the same in the investment world. If you bought into a mutual fund, stock, bond, ETF, etc. for $10/share in 2019 and then sold it for $15/share in 2021, you would have $5/share in capital gains that you would be responsible to pay.
How are Capital Gains Taxed?
In the example we used above, you held the asset for more than one year, so you would be responsible to pay long-term capital gains on the sale of the asset. See the charts below for 2022 and 2023 long-term capital gains rates based on filing status and taxable income.
What if I sell an asset within a year of owning it?
Keeping with the same example we used above, what would happen if you bought the asset in 2019 and then sold the asset in 2019? Great question! Since you held the asset for less than one year, you would be responsible to pay short-term capital gains. Short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income. See the chart below for short-term capital gains rates based on filing status and taxable income for 2022.
Short-term Capital Gains Tax Rates for 2023
35% for incomes over $231,250 ($462,500 for married couples filing jointly)
32% for incomes over $182,100 ($364,200 for married couples filing jointly)
24% for incomes over $95,375 ($190,750 for married couples filing jointly)
22% for incomes over $44,725 ($89,450 for married couples filing jointly)
12% for incomes over $11,000 ($22,000 for married couples filing jointly)
The lowest rate is 10% for the incomes of single individuals with incomes of $11,000 or less ($22,000 for married couples filing jointly).
This article is not intended to be used as tax advice but rather more for educational purposes. If you have any specific questions about the taxation of capital gains or are looking for tax advice, please reach out to your local SmartVestor Pro or contact our CPA at Whitaker-Myers, Kage Rush.